Neonatal calf diarrhea: A potent reservoir of multi-drug resistant bacteria, environmental contamination and public health hazard in Pakistan
Authors:Ali, Ahmad Liaqat, Sidra Tariq, Hamza Abbas, Saira Arshad, Muhammad Li, Wen-Jun Ahmed, Iftikhar
Volume:799
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149450
Published:2021
Document Type:Article
Abstract:Though emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the environment is a demonstrated worldwide phenomenon, limited research is reported about the prevalence of resistant bacteria in fecal ecology of neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) animals in Pakistan. The present study aimed to identify and assess the prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their resistance potential in the fecal ecology of NCD diseased animals of Pakistan. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (bla(TEM), bla(NDM-1), bla(CTX-M), qnrS) was also investigated. A total of 51 bacterial isolates were recovered from feces of young diarrheic animals (n = 11), collected from 7 cities of Pakistan and identified on the basis of 165 rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Selected isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to characterize the bla(TEM), bla(NDM-1), bla(CTX-M), qnrS and mcr-1 antibiotic resistance genes. Based on the 165 rRNA gene sequences (Accession numbers: LC488898 to LC488948), all isolates were identified that belonged to seventeen genera with the highest prevalence rate for phylum Proteobacteria and genus Bacillus (23%). Antibiotic susceptibility explained the prevalence of resistance in isolates ciprofloxacin (100%), ampicillin (100%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (85%), tetracycline (75%), amoxicillin (55%), ofloxacin (50%), ceftazidime (45%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (45%), levolloxacin (30%), cefpodoxime (25%), cefotaxime (25%), cefotaxime/clavulanic add (20%), and imipenem (10%). MICs demonstrated that almost 90% isolates were multidrug resistant (against at least three antibiotics), specially against ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline with the highest resistance levels for Shigella sp. (NCCP-421) (MIC-CIP up to 75 mu g mL(-1)) and Escherichia sp. (NCCP-432) (MIC-TET up to 250 mu g mL(-1)). PCR-assisted detection of antibiotic resistance genes showed that 54% isolates were positive for blar E m gene, 7% isolates were positive for bla(TEM) gene, 23% isolates were positive for each of qnrS and mcr-1 genes, 23% isolates were co-positive in combinations of qnrS and mcr-1 genes and bla(TEM) and mcr-1 genes, whereas none of the isolate showed presence of bla(NDM-1) gene. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Author Information
Corresponding Author:Ahmed, I (通讯作者)，Natl Agr Res Ctr NARC, Bioresources Conservat Inst BCI, Natl Microbial Culture Collect Pakistan NCCP, Pk Rd, Islamabad, Pakistan.; Li, WJ (通讯作者)，Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Plant Resources, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.; Li, WJ (通讯作者)，Sun Yat Sen Univ, Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab ZItultai, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.; Li, WJ (通讯作者)，Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China.
Reprint Address:Ahmed, I (通讯作者)，Natl Agr Res Ctr NARC, Bioresources Conservat Inst BCI, Natl Microbial Culture Collect Pakistan NCCP, Pk Rd, Islamabad, Pakistan.; Li, WJ (通讯作者)，Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Plant Resources, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.; Li, WJ (通讯作者)，Sun Yat Sen Univ, Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab ZItultai, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.; Li, WJ (通讯作者)，Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China.
Addresses:[Ali, Ahmad; Liaqat, Sidra; Tariq, Hamza; Ahmed, Iftikhar] Natl Agr Res Ctr NARC, Bioresources Conservat Inst BCI, Natl Microbial Culture Collect Pakistan NCCP, Pk Rd, Islamabad, Pakistan; [Abbas, Saira] Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Zool, Bannu, Pakistan; [Arshad, Muhammad] Natl Univ Sci & Technol NUST, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Inst Environm Sci & Engn, Islamabad, Pakistan; [Li, Wen-Jun] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Plant Resources, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China; [Li, Wen-Jun] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab ZItultai, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China; [Li, Wen-Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China
E-mail Addresses:liwenjun3@mail.sysu.edu.cn; iftikhar.ahmed@parc.gov.pk